Surface rust that lifts the paint and creates that bubbling effect can happen for a whole hosts of reasons.
Factory sealers and dipping used on bodys. GM had a few bad years for using a cheap sealer, which would separate from the metal, causing premature rust.
Stone chips that are not touched up, or have been dabbed over numerous times.
Other than a factory finish, pinholes, contamination, surface rust, poor grade product, improperly prepped finish, are all things that can lead to the paint separating from the metal.
Under most circumstances I see that the sealer/base/clear lifts all as one layer. I’ve seen tendencies with a few other manufactures where the base/clear separates from the sealer, which will not immediately cause rust.
As for achieving a proper finish without a decent booth is veryyy far fetched.
Our shop is equipped with a great air system, new guns, a great sikkens and u-tech lineup, and we have a top notch painter. However our out-dated low tech cross draft booth has a hard time holding temperatures and keeping the finish spec free.
Some wet sanding and/or buffing is always nice thing to do, but if you have the climate to lay down heavy, wet, slowww clearcoat your finish will come out looking flat as hell, with very little to no specs/dust in the finish.
Paint remover works great (You mean like a paint stripper product?) We use aircraft grade stripper, it’s nasty (gloves and goggles people)
It’s great for stripping hoods down (IE a 98 Chevy half ton hood last week) We discovered it had been painted 3 times ontop of the factory finish. Can’t guarantee our work if we don’t know what’s under it. Took 2 go’s to get it all off, finished it out with 80 git, and you have bare, fresh, ready to seal metal.